Historical purposes in the books of Hisba book

(maealim alqarba fi ahkam al Hisba Ibn alakhuati, al -Qurashi (d. 729 AH / 1329 AD) as a model)

Abstract

Hisbah is a religious, quasi-judicial function based on the idea of ​​enjoining good and forbidding evil, although the principle in the Islamic system is that all people carry out this duty. However, in Islamic times, a special employee called the muhtasib was allocated to it. He was appointed by the state and had conditions that must be met by him, and he had duties towards people of various professions to uncover fraud and deception, The goal of this is to create a civilized civil society based on laws and regulations that prevent harm and preserve the interests of the individual, society, and the nation in general, as people’s interests are not perfected except by cooperation and advocacy to bring benefits and repel harms within the framework of a system and authority keen to achieve this. Accordingly, the Hisbah books were distinguished by their comprehensiveness of many ethical and legal issues. They also precisely clarified these conditions and duties and how to uncover methods of deception and falsehood, to be a clear guide and advising guide to how the Muhtasib works. They were not devoid of historical news, evidence, and examples, which are an important pillar of the Hisbah books for guidance, clarification, and sometimes To preach and remind or to prove historical facts related to the purpose of Hisbah in enjoining good and forbidding evil through the hadiths or Sunnah of the Messenger (peace be upon him) or the actions of the Companions or Caliphs or even in news about the common people of the righteous. Here we have chosen an example for one of these books, which is (Ma’alim al-Qirbah fi Ahkam al-Hisbah) by Ibn al-Akhwa al-Qurashi (d. 729 AH) to clarify these purposes and to clarify the nature of the historical narrative through it, as it is one of the most important hisbah books from the eighth century AH.